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William Harvey (1578–1657) studied medicine at Cambridge and at Padua, the leading medical school of Europe, and became physician to Kings James I and Charles I. Through years of careful dissections and experiments on animals, he showed that the heart pumps the blood in a continuous circle through the body.

His short book On the Motion of the Heart and Blood (1628) overturned theories that had stood since antiquity, and it is in the library in English translation. Four centuries earlier, the Arab physician Ibn al-Nafis had already described how blood passes through the lungs, a discovery that Europe learned of much later.

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