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Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BC) was a physician from the Greek island of Kos who taught that diseases have natural causes, not divine ones, and that doctors should observe their patients carefully and record what they see. Little is known of his life, and the collection of some sixty medical texts that bears his name was written by many authors.

The Hippocratic writings include the famous Oath and the aphorism 'Life is short, the art is long'. Known in Arabic as Buqrat, Hippocrates was translated by Hunayn ibn Ishaq and his school, and his ideas shaped medicine in the Islamic world and Europe for two thousand years.