Kitāb Falsafat

Abu al-Walid ibn Rushd (1126–1198), known in Europe as Averroes, came from a family of judges in Córdoba and served as chief judge of Seville and Córdoba and as physician to the Almohad caliphs. When the philosopher Ibn Tufail introduced him to the caliph, he was asked to explain the works of Aristotle, a task that became his life's work.

His commentaries made him 'the Commentator' for medieval European scholars, and his Decisive Treatise argued that philosophy and religion do not contradict each other. His Incoherence of the Incoherence answered al-Ghazali. Late in life he fell from favour and his books were burned, before he was pardoned shortly before his death in Marrakesh.